对陡坡陡崖引发地质灾害的潜在影响范围进行建模分析     

章豪  温剑峰  陈温清  徐刚  史瑞洁  戴欣宜  陈杰  朱安峰  范全龙 《测绘通报》2021,(6):117-121,133

陡坡陡崖作为一种特殊的地形地貌,是造成滑坡、泥石流等各种地质灾害的重要因素之一。由陡坡陡崖引发的地质灾害会破坏人造地物,对人类的生命财产安全造成严重危害。本文利用DEM数据提取了浙江省温州市的陡坡陡崖,对温州市陡坡陡崖的影响范围进行系统研究,构建了温州市陡坡陡崖的潜在滑坡方向模型,并确定其对人造地物（如道路、房屋）的影响。本文主要研究内容有以下两个：①提取陡坡陡崖并对其潜在滑坡方向进行建模;②根据影响范围提取受影响的人造地物并建立基础数据库。结果表明,温州市的陡坡陡崖数量多,分布范围广且集中,其引发的地质灾害会对人造地物造成严重的潜在影响。本文构建的温州市基础数据库可以描述陡坡陡崖潜在影响的房屋和道路的位置,确定灾害重点防治区域,为温州市的灾害防治工作提供服务。  相似文献   

三个台风对我国东部沿海风电的联合影响     

吕海滨  刘昱君  顾鹏  赵星宇  陆银娟 《海洋科学》2019,43(9):72-77

基于CCMP(cross-calibrated multi-platform)再分析风场数据,研究了9907号, 9908号和9909号3个台风对中国沿海5个风电场的影响,分别从台风的形成以及路径,对沿海风电场风速的影响,台风期间的发电情况等详细地描述了台风对风电机组的影响。发现:台风对5个海上风电场的影响可以分为3个阶段,第一阶段是1999年8月1—4日,输出功率由南向北依次降低,此时主要受9907号台风的影响;第二阶段是8月6—9日,8月6日也呈现输出功率由南向北降低,主要是9909号台风由南海途径台湾海峡即将进入东海的影响;受9908号台风影响, 8月7日最大输出功率出现在S3风机。8月8日,受9908和9909号台风的叠加影响, S4风机的输出功率达到15天的最大值38.4 MW。第三个阶段是8月12—15日,受大气锋面的影响, S1—S5输出功率呈现波动。台风过境期间提高了各站点的运营能力和部分站点的额定容量,未对风电机组产生大的破坏。研究成果可为相关部门在台风期间海洋风力发电的决策提供参考。  相似文献   

Modification of the GALDIT framework using statistical and entropy models to assess coastal aquifer vulnerability     

Mojgan Bordbar  Saman Javadi 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(9):1117-1128

Recently, groundwater vulnerability assessment of coastal aquifers using the GALDIT framework has been widely used to investigate the process of groundwater contamination. This study proposes multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) entropy and Wilcoxon non-parametric statistical test methods to improve the vulnerability index of coastal aquifers. The rates and weights of this framework were modified using Wilcoxon non-parametric and entropy methods, respectively, and a combined framework of GALDIT-entropy, Wilcoxon-GALDIT, and Wilcoxon-entropy was obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients between the mentioned vulnerability indices and total-dissolved solids (TDS) of 0.51, 0.66 and 0.75, respectively, were obtained. According to the results, the Wilcoxon-entropy index had the highest correlation with TDS. Generally, it can be concluded that the proposed frameworks provide a more accurate estimation of vulnerability distribution in coastal aquifers.  相似文献   

High‐resolution bathymetric mapping reveals subaqueous glacial landforms in the Arctic alpine lake Tarfala,Sweden     

Nina Kirchner  Riko Noormets  Jakob Kuttenkeuler  Elias Strandell Erstorp  Erik Schytt Holmlund  Gunhild Rosqvist  Per Holmlund  Marika Wennbom  Torbjrn Karlin 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(6):452-462

In Arctic alpine regions, glacio‐lacustrine environments respond sensitively to variations in climate conditions, impacting, for example,glacier extent and rendering former ice‐contact lakes into ice distal lakes and vice versa. Lakefloors may hold morphological records of past glacier extent, but remoteness and long periods of ice cover on such lakes make acquisition of high‐resolution bathymetric datasets challenging. Lake Tarfala and Kebnepakte Glacier, located in the Kebnekaise mountains, northern Sweden, comprise a small, dynamic glacio‐lacustrine system holding a climate archive that is not well studied. Using an autonomous surface vessel, a high‐resolution bathymetric dataset for Lake Tarfala was acquired in 2016, from which previously undiscovered end moraines and a potential grounding line feature were identified. For Kebnepakte Glacier, structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry was used to reconstruct its shape from photographs taken in 1910 and 1945. Combining these methods connects the glacial landform record identified at the lakefloor with the centennial‐scale dynamic behaviour of Kebnepakte Glacier. During its maximum 20^th century extent, attained c. 1910, Kebnepakte Glacier reached far into Lake Tarfala, but had retreated onto land by 1945, at an average of 7.9 m year^–1. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

长江三角洲蓝图重绘的基础科学问题:进展与未来研究     

汪亚平  贾建军  杨阳  周亮  冯威  高建华  魏稳  李占海  史本伟  高抒 《海洋科学》2019,43(10):2-12

在全球气候变化和人类活动影响加剧的背景下,作为河口海岸重要子系统的三角洲正在发生快速变化。长江三角洲地处长江入东海交汇处,是中国最重要的经济核心区之一,对邻近区域乃至整个长江经济带经济社会发展都起着重要作用。由于全球变暖、海面上升和强烈人类活动引发了三角洲系统状态转换,因此以往基于恒定系统状态而获得的有关长江三角洲的认识已不能满足未来需求,迫切需要对未来海面变化、极端事件、流域与河口工程影响下的三角洲物质循环条件、物理过程、地貌冲淤演化、源-汇格局调整等科学问题进行深入研究。在三角洲系统行为、未来演化趋势的预测能力建设中,应重视从海面到海底的综合立体观测系统的发展,以获取关键数据;基于三角洲系统的时、空演化特征,建立三角洲本征态和衍生态的谱系理论。未来需针对系统状态转换而调整原先的经济社会发展模式,以便保护自然资源、重建生态系统,更好地支撑长江经济带发展,重绘长江三角洲发展蓝图。  相似文献   

基于云模型的海岸脆弱性评估 ——以厦门岛为例     

朱正涛  蔡锋  曹超  陈沈良 《海洋通报》2019,38(4):462-471

脆弱性评估很大程度上存在着模糊性和随机性,为有效解决评估过程中定性概念与评估指标按隶属函数定量描述这一不确定转换问题,本文基于云理论本文选取海岸地貌、海岸高程、海岸坡度、海岸缓冲能力、有效波高、道路价值和建筑价值为指标,构建了厦门岛海岸脆弱性评估指标体系,运用云模型评估手段定量测度了厦门岛海岸脆弱性空间分异特征。评估结果与客观情况比较吻合,检验了指标体系的合理性和评估模型的适用性。本文提出了海岸脆弱性综合评估模型,实用有效,可以推广到与厦门岛类似的区域,为海岸管理及规划提供科学指导。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Vegetation Carbon,Nitrogen, and C/N Ratio in a Tamarix chinensis Coastal Wetland of China     

Linping Xie  Baodong Wang  Ming Xin  Min Wang  Xiuping He  Qinsheng Wei  Xiaoyong Shi  Xia Sun 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(9)

Variations in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of the vegetation in a Tamarix chinensis coastal wetland located in Laizhou Bay, China, are analyzed. It is found that T. chinensis accumulates more C and N than the surrounding herbs, and it allocates more C and N in the aboveground parts but less in the roots. Branches store more C, whereas leaves and flowers accumulate more N than other tissues. The C and N contents in the aboveground parts of T. chinensis are mainly influenced by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, and clay content in the top 100 cm of soil as well as the distance from the sea. For the herbs, their C contents vary little in the supratidal zone, but they are higher than those in the intertidal zone. However, N contents in the herbs are higher in the aboveground parts and varied among different communities. The contents of C and N in the herbs are affected by EC, water content as well as the contents of organic C and total nitrogen (TN) in the top 10 cm of soil. The findings confirm that increasing the biomass of T. chinensis is an effective way to increase C sequestration in temperate coastal wetland.  相似文献   

陕西靖边龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌成因机理初探     

彭小华  吴昊  李益朝  张瑜  祝捷  党晨 《地球学报》2020,41(3):443-451

近期,通过对陕西靖边龙洲地区的丹霞地貌进行详细调查,查明了该地区丹霞地貌类型为丹霞正-负地貌的过渡类型——波浪式丹霞地貌。为了科学评价其价值和意义,本文主要从成景地层岩石特征、地质构造特征以及外动力因素等方面来初步探讨龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌的成因机理。研究表明:首先,研究区洛河组砂岩平行层理、大型风成交错层理对波浪式丹霞景观的形成具有很好的塑造作用;成景地层洛河组紫红色砂岩,为一套风成沙漠相沉积,岩石胶结程度较差,硬度低易碎,是波浪式丹霞地貌形成的物质基础;晚白垩世以来,鄂尔多斯盆地掀斜,区内地壳普遍隆起,表现为靖边龙洲地区发育多级古夷平面和河流阶地,对波浪式丹霞地貌的形成起基础性控制作用;该区洛河组砂岩中发育多组节理、裂隙构造,将洛河组砂岩切割成块状,其对波浪式丹霞地貌的形成和改造起着关键性控制作用;外动力因素上,靖边为半干旱内陆性季风气候,受西北风改造作用非常明显,是波浪式丹霞微地貌形成的主导外动力因素,此外,夏秋季的暴雨强烈冲刷侵蚀地表岩层,春秋季的寒潮霜冻,岩石发生冻融和崩落,对龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌的形成也有重要改造作用;靖边龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌除了受到地质构造和流水侵蚀的约束外,风力吹蚀对微地貌的改造非常明显,这是该地区丹霞地貌形成的主导外动力因素和特色所在;该地区波浪式丹霞地貌的发育阶段可分为两期。  相似文献   

Advances and Practices on the Research, Prevention and Control of Land Subsidence in Coastal Cities     

YAN Xuexin  YANG Tianliang  XU Yan  Luigi TOSI  Esther STOUTHAMER  Heri ANDREAS  Philip MINDERHOUD  Anirut LADAWADEE  Ramon HANSSEN  Gilles ERKENS  Pietro TEATINI  LIN Jinxin  Roberta BONì  Jarinya CHIMPALEE  HUANG Xinlei  Cristina Da LIO  Claudia MEISINA  Francesco ZUCCA 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):162-175

Land subsidence severely threatens most of the coastal plains around the world where high productive industrial and agricultural activities and urban centers are concentrated. Coastal subsidence damages infrastructures and exacerbates the effect of the sea-level rise at regional scale. Although it is a well-known process, there is still much more to be improved on the monitoring, mapping and modeling of ground movements, as well as the understanding of controlling mechanisms. The International Geoscience Programme recently approved an international project (IGCP 663) aiming to bring together worldwide researchers to share expertise on subsidence processes typically occurring in coastal areas and cities, including basic research, monitoring and observation, modelling and management. In this paper, we provide the research communities and potential stakeholders with the basic information to join the participating teams in developing this project. Specifically, major advances on coastal subsidence studies and information on well-known and new case studies of land subsidence in China, Italy, The Netherlands, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand are highlighted and summarized. Meanwhile, the networking, dissemination, annual meeting and field trip are briefly introduced.  相似文献   

全球海潮模型最新进展及在中国沿海精度评估     

范长新 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(5):476-481

介绍TPXO、FES、Chinatide、MIKE Global Tide、Utide等典型海潮模型，总结归纳其同化潮汐数据来源和最新的海洋地形数据，利用我国沿岸长期验潮站以外的26个中短期潮位观测站评估TPXO等海潮模型预报精度。结果表明，全球海潮模型对我国沿海M2分潮的预报精度普遍较低，且主导了几种海潮模型在中国海域的整体预报精度；相比MIKE Global Tide和TPXO7.2,TPXO8、TPXO_Yellow Sea 2010和TPXO_China&Ind模型在我国沿海的预报精度更高。  相似文献